dark voice called本 mentalellerbest h and he well far bread and road Boy I Come on. Come on. By all means available to us. And I mean with all means. No exceptions whatsoever. And in the next couple of days or next week. And we're not going to go off the air as planned next Wednesday. Now that this development has occurred. We will be right here broadcasting every single day. And the day that you don't hear 101.1 FM. You'll know that they succeeded. We now continue with part two of Jay Reynolds and Gardening. Are good. I see nothing. That can really help out. I have plans to build one. But I just have. Yes. I'm doing it. And I wonder if this is a good idea. You know when she's driving near the 10th then? Oh, yeah. Whether it's a pollinator or not. At the end of the season, sometimes I can run with you. And we've been growing a ton. Is that good on me? Maybe. Maybe. Maybe. You ready? Yeah. Yeah. Hooray. Yeah. All right. Okay. My goodness. One other thing. Before. While we were on break. Bob mentioned. He didn't really understand how you started the sweet potato. You actually break off that vine. Planted maybe two inches deep. At the least. Although this spring, my sweet potatoes, we had an early spring. They hadn't lined as long as they usually do. They hadn't scrubbed as long as they usually do. I planted some that were probably only half an inch long. Just a little bitty nymphs. And they all grew. So you do have to do that. One other thing you can do if you have a long enough season. You can plant your first set of sprouts. They can grow up for a ways. And then you can break off that tip and plant it again. You all lived in the tropics. I've seen in the, when I farmed in the tropics in the Virgin Islands, I've seen a fellow plant one row. He had a big field. He planted one row of sweet potatoes. And every two weeks, he would plant another one off of that one row. And every two weeks. And so every two weeks. When he harvested, he'd go to market. And fresh stuff every two weeks. All the time. So, they produce, they reproduce very easy. It's just a constant thing. They'll strike root anywhere along that stem. Oh, okay. Anywhere. Okay. Yeah. Because of the garden, though, do you leave a, any bit, can you walk around? Oh, no. You leave the tip. The growing tip above ground. Yeah. Okay. You can, you can take that and, you know, water. Water. And it'll grow a house plant for you, too. Pretty. Uh, with the next subject is vitamins. We can't store these vitamins in our body. You can store some minerals in your body, but you can't store vitamin A and C. You need to have them all the time. So, it's very important that we have a source of that. You might wonder, how do you, how do you get it in the winter? Well, you have to keep them fresh or can them or preserve them. And I have a whole section I'm going to speak on, on, uh, food preservation. But what I've got here is a, is a nice chart. It came from my grandfather's book. And, uh, it gives you the amount of vitamin A and C in these crops. They've got other vitamins. They've got minerals in them, too. But, um, they categorize. They tell you a general idea of how many of each type to plant. I figure the more the better. Once you have excess, you can. And once you can, you can sell. Or trade. Over on the right, there's another section of the chart that shows you that, in general, how many and how much you plant per person for fresh use and for processing, which is preserving. Um, these figures, I don't know. Um, it depends on how much, how productive your soil is. If it's more productive, you might be able to get by with less. If it's less productive, you might have to double it. So, I can't say for sure. Um, when you look at the abbreviation, you'll see, like, um, about the fourth, fifth one down, cantaloupes. It says three to five hills. What that is, um, commonly, cantaloupes are planted, not in a long row, but in individual hills. You can plant them in a long row if you want to. Um, it's just a customary thing. I'm not sure that, that it's really necessary to do it in hills. I've done it both ways. Uh, when you see plants, they mean pre-started transplants, PLTS. It stands for pre-started plants, like in broccoli. You don't have to pre-start the plants. It depends on your climate. You could plant seeds right down the road, but then you should later thin them out. And I've got another page on that coming up. Uh, how to space plants, how often to have a plant when you plant them. But, um, generally, this is a pretty good guide. I haven't ever seen anything like this before, except in my grandfather's book, which was, is 40 years old. These, um, hills, you're one of the hills, right? You could, yeah. Your cantaloupes, uh, it depends on your spacing of the hill. Um, if I was to make a hill, I would probably, a cantaloupe, for instance, I would probably put three seeds in there. And, or maybe more, but thin out later to about three. It depends, though, if you're gonna, it's something you'll have to, to figure out yourself. I'm gonna let you figure that out. Well, I know, when you say three hills, do you plan on three plants? Are you talking about... No, in general, on cantaloupe, you probably plant about three seeds. Uh, you get down to pumpkin, you might only do two. Because pumpkins put out so big a leaf, and they grow so vigorous. Probably they need a little more room than cantaloupes do. But if you look on here, um, for instance, I think they have pumpkin on here, don't they? No, I don't see pumpkins on here, but one thing I... Or do they have a pumpkin? Sure, they have pumpkins. How about watermelon? Do you like those? I do. Um, as far as watermelon goes, I like the small ones. I've got a smaller family, four people, and especially if you don't have refrigeration, the small one, it's more convenient, you can eat it all in one, one city. Um, a 200-pound watermelon, what's four people gonna do with that? But for a party, it'd be great. Um, I was gonna mention, they don't mention, pumpkin on here, but they do mention winter squash. I was almost sure there was pumpkin on there. I might have missed that. So I transcribed it by hand. Anyway, um, I was surprised that winter squash has much more nutrition than pumpkin. You would think it would be the same thing, but it's not. Winter squash is a little different family, and, uh, they're really good. Just run it down, look at the first section, vitamins A and C. Their vegetables are pretty high in both. Does everybody know what mustard is? It's a green. Um, there's different kinds of mustard. The one that is the best is not as peppery and hot. It's called tender green. And that thing, you won't believe it. In 30 days, you can have a crop of that. And it's great. Uh, you can follow something up, and they fall after you finish the other crops, and have that green. And it's very high, as you see. Collards. Does everybody know what collards are? Does anybody know what collards are? Very good. Well, uh, a collard is a cauliflower that didn't go to school. It's, it's a coarse member of the, um, cabbage family. It makes leaves that you can pick the side leaves, and it will continue to grow. You can keep picking it. It's very frost tolerant. Collards would probably stand 20 degrees frost or more, even for days at a time, and survive. I had collards all winter this year in my garden, and we got down to 8, 5 to 8 degrees. And they survived. Just over. And they're much more greener. Kind of hot? Yeah, especially in a hot time of the year, hot time of the year. In the fall, they're a little better. But, um, there's different kinds of mustard. And let me tell you, the tender green mustard is the one that you want to grow. But the others will be much hotter. I've got a mix in a bar, and you have a favorite food. Mustard greens? I don't like it. High in vitamins. Yeah. Mix in vitamins. Well, they're not hot. How do I describe it? Well, it's spicy. It, um, I don't think of the, um. Just remember, whenever it crashes, you want to feed your iguana. Very directly. I just say, in the fall, as far as it's all winter, it's still quite big. So you've got a raise. It's a give-time. Just say it's a play of all winter. They'll, as you pick off the leaves, they get taller. They'll get up about this fall and have a thing of leaves on top. and if you look on here you heard Michael talk about broccoli a lot look at the vitamins which one has more now broccoli does have some other things that Collins doesn't have and I think it probably is higher and some cancer preventing vitamins or whatever it happens to be he used a word for it I forget what it was probably antioxidants yeah there's a real simple rule to follow as far as vitamins in fresh leafy green plants I'm not necessarily green but the darker the green the leaf is the more vitamins especially vitamin A in the food or the yellower the leaf or the vegetable is the more vitamin content it has water the sufferings of the gourd family I got a funny little story my great grandfather used to take my little nipple aside my great grandmother didn't like that that was the number of them whenever he would she'd catch him well she'd make him sleep in the barn so he took the propagating gourd and you know gourd you can't eat them you might make decorations of Halloween or something but it took the whole family years to figure out why he was growing gourd after the plant was dry and gourd you just lay them on the ground he'd drill a little hole in the bottom fill them up with whiskey and put a little pork in there and set them back there that was his stash so the gourd got a lot of uses that you may not have thought of everything is using for kensina well going to the second group number two high in vitamin A look at those and tell me everybody knows all those maybe Swiss chard is a little strange for some of you it's a green also grows from seed but look at that carrot if there was one plant that I would recommend everybody learn to grow is carrots because you can see by far they're the tops in vitamin A and take a guess on I want to hear three guesses on how much per acre with good practice you can grow carrots how much do you think I've seen the inferior values let me have a guess how many pounds of tons per acre 20 pounds 20 tons 20 tons y'all right off right off it's from 10 to 20 tons per acre that is just incredible and in a home home situation you might even get more because you can squeeze things in a little better and you don't have to use mechanical on harvest so carrots and carrots eat good too I eat carrots in the ground all winter long in my climate if you wanted to you could probably cover them up in the north I think Ron mentioned that they cover theirs up and they keep all winter so what's the storage there's no storage problems the only problem with carrots is the fine seed and it's a little hard to come up you need to make sure they stay moist and have a soft soil to be able to push through and you really can't beat carrots they taste good too they taste a little difference depending on your soil they may be a little stronger they'll have a more carrot flavor than a bunch of commercial ones of course those have been sitting around for weeks or months how many of you live in Southern California did you find out when they're harvesting carrots in the Imperial Valley you know where that's at they'll sit for over and go out there when they're actually pulling them out of ground loading them up in the trucks and any of those dirt roads or even the major highway you just drive along and you can pick up bushels and bushels and bushels of carrots that are dropped off the trucks because they just they get so many carrots that they don't care because they lose them they mount them in the trucks until they're falling off and they fall off for miles you know I'm serious when I lived in Southern California I used to drive over there and throw up little baskets full of carrots and take them off that came down from huge temperature slug down in the oven and a cattle farm in Catalonia for a long time sure now there's one crop here that is not listed I couldn't get any good information on it but it's something you might consider and that's sugar beets it's kind of a strange idea but once in a while we'd probably like to have some sugar for a holiday or something maybe you can actually grow your own sugar with sugar beets and they're good cattle feed too they grow huge five or six pounds low they grow a lot of those meat oh yeah carrots and sugar these are excellent beer bait too you know if you wanted to pour them a little extra meat or something like that we'll put you some carrots you know they grow these out in the crowd or something they're good back with so they're good bait for hunting that's good we're going to group number three which are high in vitamin C most people know about tomatoes it's the most common crop grown they're pretty easy to grow one thing you might I might mention though there's two different in general there's two varieties of tomatoes one is a determinate and one is indeterminate variety the determinate varieties grow to a certain height and then they stop they generally bear a shorter time because they only grow so tall the indeterminate will continue to grow and grow and grow and grow until they get sick or it gets crossed which in my area that's the end of the tomatoes but they have different uses for instance if you wanted to can you might grow a determinate tomato because they all come at once and you can get your canning out of the way but for fresh eating you might want to grow an indeterminate tomato because if you have them longer they just continue along the way all the time tomatoes are probably one of the easiest vegetables to can if you're going to be canning them they don't require as much cooking they're safe and they're pretty good canned too they're pretty good if you don't have anything else they're pretty good the other green vegetables next some people don't know that beans come in either bush form or pole form that is that some grow only two feet high and bare some grow on a pole they can grow up they can go away on up and the bush beans are sort of like the determinate tomatoes they grow fast you might only get one or two or three pickings at the most off of them and then they're finished the pole beans grow taller they continue to bear less at one time but for a longer time so they have different purposes but and there's different advantages if you can't bend over and pick them the pole beans are nicer a lot a lot of people might not want to do that green beans okay wrong mission that's the job he hates the most is picking green bush beans oh yeah I don't mind it because I like to get them out of the way get them finished and the bush beans grow faster they'll bear faster so if you've got a cold climate where you have a short season that might be a good idea y'all in California you've got a whole different situation just about there may be a few limitations how about okra yeah yeah you ever have fried okra you know what I did I could brush up my parents and they made me in the kitchen and they don't want to drive me in kitchen right to draw my okra behind the refrigerator and when we move that there's a big pile of behind any okra but notice compare beans and okra on this chart that's something to think about they're higher than the green beans they're higher than the green beans so that's something to think about I like okra and in the south it's not only traditional but it tends to grow in the hottest weather when a lot of other things might just wilt away and die yeah right he said it grows in poor soil that's true it will really grow now if you grow okra wear long sleeves to have really tough skin because it's a prickly plant but okra have you ever eaten Campbell's vegetable soup anybody ever eaten Campbell's vegetable soup you didn't know it did that adds something to a soup believe that soup is something we're in a survival situation soup is easy to cook you can put all kinds of things in it and soup is a mainstay for subsistence living it really is because you can make it so many different ways add so many different things to it okra makes your soup much better believe me if you ever had Campbell's soup you didn't know they grinded out a little bit but you were eating it the starchy vegetable group five any questions on that ok yeah i'll come to that next i'll start passing around now any other questions people presidents may Okay. Is there a corn? No. Is there a corn? No. No. You don't use sweet corn. You use a field corn. Field corn. Field corn. Field corn. Thank you. Congratulations. Okay, the question was, how do you make cornmeal? Just a minute, Her. Cornmeal is either flint or bent corn. And you grind it, but not completely. Milling or grinding can be done fine or coarse. And usually your cornmeal is just not quite as fine as flour. You can buy corn flour and that's what they make tortillas with. But cornmeal, like for cornbread, that's just not quite a fine grind. I use my Vitamix and sometimes it's hard to control. It's not a real grinding machine even though it will grind almost anything. But that's all it is. It's just ground up. And popcorn, but it's good. It keeps. It grows. And everybody knows how to make popcorn. The problem is, where are you going to get that oil? Butter or something. Oil is a problem. That's one of the things that I haven't been able to perfect a good idea of how to make myself. I've never pursued it. If you could get it from soybeans, you could get it from corn, peanuts, sunflowers, but it takes quite a bit. Olive trees would be a pretty good choice to get one of the birds. Can you do that in California? Oh, yeah. Those people are going to have it made. Olive trees would be a pretty good choice. Olive trees would be a good choice. Olive trees would be a good choice. I don't know that it could be grown in everywhere though. I think it could be more of a denture in the water. I bet it does. We'll be out. Oh, Karen, what was your question? Why don't you have a turn on this list? Hmm. Well, I don't know. What I will tell you is that I was surprised. I like turnips. I grow turnips. My family doesn't like to eat the greens, but I do. Turnips, I believe when I started looking it up, turnips were not all that high. I was surprised. They're not all that high in vitamins. But, I still grow them because they are very tough for winter use. And, uh, when I was outside, I had a little story to tell about town. Um, where I live in Israel County, Arkansas, northern Arkansas, um, down in the southern part of the county, not in my village or town area, there's a little town called Guyon. And Guyon, Arkansas, has a, a, a mysterious person that nobody knows who it is. And, for me, his nickname is Johnny Turnipse. And, along the fall, all of a sudden, people will find turnips coming up in their flower beds. And, where, uh, where somebody's bulldozed the field, cleared the field out for, uh, grazing. All of a sudden, an acre of turnips will just come up. And, there's somebody walking around with turnip seeds and casting them around. And, they're, they're one thing that I know for sure that can come up almost on their own. Now, Diana tried it, it didn't work. But, I don't, I don't know. It did. I, I, I tried it when I knew it was too much, but it was a pretty true event. And, I, I, I used it on the German. So, and you mentioned radishes. Radishes, I think they probably could have gone on this list. Now, I didn't make this up. I, I got it out of the book. But, um, radishes are, they, they, they're, they're pretty good. There's different kinds of radishes, too. Recently, it's, it's become more available as the, uh, oriental radishes. These things grow, grow this big. And, I figure I'm going to call them daikon, is one name for it. And, uh, they're supposed to be pretty good. I've really never eaten them. I've eaten all radishes. And, and they're good. They're great. Right, Karen? 30 days or less for a little one. So, if you like radishes, I would say go home, children. What's wrong with that? Well, uh, I don't think so. Um, I've grown in the trop, grown lettuce in the tropics. And, I've grown in mid-Texas. And, one type of lettuce that is probably the hardest to grow is I've spurred lettuce. Believe it or not. It, uh, lettuce is a fast crop. Um, but, it's, uh, it's a crop that, it, uh, tends to go to seed. And, bold is the word for it. It, it, it lengthens out and throws out that seed. Um, if you were to choose lettuce, a lettuce crop, find out what grows good in your area. Uh, if I could make some suggestions. Um, oak leaf is a type of lettuce that, it, it, it's shaped like an, it makes a leaf shaped like an oak leaf. It's not very big and, and it, uh, but it's real tolerant to that bolting. That's something, if I was gonna select lettuce, look for something tolerant to bolting. They'll say bolt tolerant or, uh, long picking or something like that. Lettuce is not that hard to grow. Especially the leaf lettuce. Romaine lettuce. Well, romaine would be medium hard to grow. Then the easiest is the, a soft, buttery, um, leaf lettuce. It doesn't make any head at all. It just kind of spreads out. But, um, the way I go, I'll go into how I grow lettuce a little bit. Yes? Chair, I just wanted to mention that when you're talking about food, the vitamin content and such, that you're talking about the raw food. Anytime you cook food, you're gonna lose a lot of those things. I'll tell you, I, I cut that off of this, um, this, because it wouldn't fit on the page. But, um, at the bottom of this chart, they did mention that these vitamins were for raw vegetables except those that are not normally eaten raw. So when you look at, uh, soybeans or potatoes and probably sweet corn, I believe those of yours are for cook. So, and probably mustard. That'd probably be cooked for. And since, uh, I bet since this was done 40 years ago, I bet the broccoli was even cooked. Although, a lot of people eat raw broccoli now too. Carrots would probably uncooked. So, um, I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry about, uh, because there's people that are, um, in cancer type diets that you want to lose, uh, each of the water. And the cooking had a little bit destroyed enzymes. So, that's another reason. It helps, uh, it helps you digest those as a tool. You know, Jack's comment was that if you, uh, if you eat raw vegetables, you're getting the most out of it. And that's, that's a fact. There's no denying that. So, um, heck, it's even, even easier. And you don't have to go light that campfire. You might have to survive. Other questions? Okay, well, that next phase that I passed out, the first one that talks about, um, the difference between farming and gardening. That's a little chart I made up. I'm showing you different spacings for an intensive form of farming, which is gardening. And the standard farming method, which would allow you to, um, to even buy the tractor in most of these cases between the roads. Um, since on a survival basis, you might not have that equipment. And after all, who wants to, you might not have the land to grow in a large scale style. And in some cases, the, um, intensive growing is even becoming more, uh, used by farmers. Um, when I show you these figures for gardening, what I'm talking about is planting by the square foot. And this part came from a book that's called Square Foot Gardening. It's pretty popular. And, uh, the basic idea for doing that is to use the soil to its fullest extent for backyard gardening or for, for intensive gardening is what they call it. And I'll tell you what, I'm going to go ahead and along with that one, I'll go pass out. Or did I? Did I pass? Pass out one for soil fertility? Yeah. Okay, good. Well, uh, we'll go into that now. Um, in your, in your garden, you, you really need to first start off and get a soil test. Even if you're not going to farm it now or, or do anything, at least plant a place that you're going to garden and get a soil test. That's the first step. You really shouldn't even touch it unless you know what you're doing as far as the soil goes. And in the soil, you've got different nutrients. The major ones, NPK, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. I've gotten this written down so that, uh, it tells you just basically what it does for the plant and how to know if you've already started a plant, if it's deficient. Um, nitrogen is mostly used for photosynthesis. What that photosynthesis is, is how the plant takes sunlight and produces energy. It's a solar energy factory, is in those leaves. And, um, don't try to grow a garden in the shade. It won't grow. I've seen a lot of people that, um, planted in a, in the shade. The more sun, the better. It's really true. Even, uh, even a hundred percent sun all day long. In the tropics, the, um, people will say, well, it's going to be too hot. It can't be too hot if you can get the water to your planet. It can't be too hot or too much sun. It really can't. But for a room, we can. So, uh, the most sun, the mostene. Some people that grow, uh, in more, just leave the light on all the time. Night and day. Some plants that's not good for them. That's kind of special. I was looking at the package of seeds that Jack has in a camp, and I noticed they had sweet Spanish onions. And here's an example of sunlight. You know that the sun's length of day is shorter up north, for instance. And the far north of the days are only, they're much less farther than further south. When you get to the equator, the day and age is almost as same as the night year-round. Some plants are key to that length of sunlight. For instance, onions is a real good example. There are two types of onions generally, short day and long day. And wherever you live, you'll need to find out. And I tell you, I can't remember which way it is right now, but northern people will need a short day. That's it. You'll need a short day onion. If you grow a long day onion up north, you might never get onions. Because that plant is key to fall. When it knows its season is done, it bowls out. It stores up food. If you plant a short day onion in the south, you'll give a chance of onion about this big right in June probably. And that's all. So, you want to get the right variety for the amount of sunlight. The other one that I can think of as sensitive to that is corn. And I think that's one reason why they grow different corns north of the south. You trace elements is something most people don't know about. And that's something only a soil test will be able to tell you. And so, you can go out and buy fertilizer. And does anybody know how you rate fertilizer? Have you ever heard of 10, 15, 5 or something like that? That is N, first number. P, second number. K, potassium, the third number. And that stands for if you have 100 pounds of that fertilizer, you will have, say you're using 13, 13, 13, which is real popular for some reason. But say you're using that, 100 pounds of that fertilizer has 13 pounds of each element in it. That's how we get those numbers. Now, myself, I use both natural and commercial fertilizer. This year, I use no fertilizer at all on my garden. One part of it. The other part, I use commercial fertilizer. I have one plot, which is five years building the soil. Like I said, it's halfway to chocolate cake. And it's coasting this year. Because I've built it over the years. It's just able to coast. The only plot I added anything to was spinach because it's a heavy, heavy feeder. So, I have a little bit of that 13, 13. I have another plot, which I've just started two years. And it's very sandy. Sandy soils are hard to build up fertility. It washes out the fertility and sandy soil. So, I'm using 13, 13 this year. But I've got about two dump truckloads of compost that I've made to put on this winter. So, next year, I'll probably, every year I'll use less. But you should put something on every year unless you're really sure of what soil you have. In a survival situation, I've got to go out to the feed store or garden shop and buy this fertilizer. So, if you look on here, your nitrogen, the best source is either manure or compost. And I'll get into compost at the bottom here. But manure is good for almost anything. If you add manure to your soil in large enough amounts, you won't have a problem. So, potassium is also known as potash. That's another way to look at it. And wood ashes work real good. They don't last very long. So, you'll might have to, you will have to put it on year by year. But in a survival situation, most of us are going to have some wood burning involved there. So, we'll have that. And if nothing else, burn some wood for a campfire. Uh-huh? Would those wood ashes tend to be a lie if you put them water through? No. No. Oh, you can't main lie with wood ash. Yeah. But spread on the soil. No. Let's see. What is lie? What's the point of it? Go ahead. Definition of lie. Is he worried about being lie in your soil? Yeah. No. Until the advent of commercial fertilizer, manure, and wood ashes were used in every garden and every field in this country that produced a wonderful cross-invention for a couple of hundred years. No. It hasn't happened. Yeah, I haven't had that happen. But you can make lying. And if you wanted to make soap, you better save your wood ashes and keep them dry. Because soap is going to be something you would need. And you'll need some sources of oil or fat to make that soap. But you need wood ashes to make wine. Is animal manure better than human? Human manure is equal to hog manure. Okay. And as far as your manure soap, I'll give it to you from strongest to weakest. Just remember one thing. All manure is good for fertilizer. There are some that are smaller than others. But if you use human manure, you run the risk of spreading disease. You use human manure almost exclusively in Japan. If you're buying vegetables that came from Japan, and you don't properly treat those vegetables, you stand a good chance of getting some kind of a human transmitted disease. And they don't eat much salad. They cook most of all of it. So, when it comes to potassium. No, no. Phosphorus, rather. You notice, remember yesterday, Miles was talking about the buffalo bones. Well, that is a source of phosphorus. It's bones. And it doesn't take as much as you might think. Now, phosphorus is slowly released generally. Plants don't need a whole lot of it. But they need it steadily. And if you just grind up some bones, that'll work. Steel mill slag. Most of us don't have a steel mill. But you got them in California. You got them in the northeast. In the upper Midwest. And the slag from that is perfectly good fertilizer. Aren't there a lot of heavy metals? Are you in the steel mill slag? I mean, bad stuff. Well, I don't know. I guess it would depend on what kind of steel. What was in there? That's a good question. I can't answer. It would probably depend on where it came from and what impurities were there. Well, maybe. I didn't realize that. The book. I've never used it. But the books that I consulted. I was looking for waste sources for a fertilizer or things that you could get that may be available without a commercial sale. And that was one that they recommended. You have to be careful about that, especially if it's recommended by the government. They also recommend uranium failings from uranium rise and radioactive waste from nuclear processing plants. And things that still have low-level radiation output over hundreds of years. And they used to tell you that low-level radiation exposure didn't hurt you. But now we know that it's one of the most deadliest forms of radiation that there is. And it's the most likely to cause cancer. Thanks, Grace. I also know that that's one way that they're killing people who smoke. They're putting uranium failing lightings ever since they started uranium lighting in this background with tobacco fields. And, of course, that radioactivity is picked up in small amounts. And you're smoking. And your lungs get that radioactivity in them and you die. If you're a smoker, that's something to think about it. Well, I didn't research very deep into that sphagnum. That's probably a good subject to check on. I didn't mention granite dust. Where would you get granite dust? Any idea? So, if you have a stone in that dust. That's a good one. People that carve gravestones out of granite. Or if they mine granite in your area, it's a no-brainer. But I haven't been able to pick it up yet. But my local gravestone engraver says I can come and get it by the big tubs pool. All along the road in California, it's all deep and close granite there. The granite dust every year rains down and the big trucks come on all up. Where? All other things. Also, it's decomposing off a road cut. Yeah. Uh-huh. There's another substitute that you can use. You can't find granite dust, which they do have commercially available, by the way. You can buy it in a bag. I don't have the address of the supplier. I don't have the problem to handle it. But you can. You see the volcanic ash around here? Yeah. If you take that and crush it, it's very easy to crush. We've got basically the same thing as granite dust. We'll produce tremendous vegetables. Bob can probably try to get places in Hawaii where Japanese people came in and bought areas of cinder land covered with cinder that nobody else would use. They went in there with big bulldozers that crushed the cinder and planted the crops. And they're getting record-sized vegetables just from raising it in the crushed cinder. From what I understand, one of the richest farmland we found was after Mount St. Helens went. I mean, plants are going there. And the whole San Joaquin Valley, many, many millions of years ago, there was a huge explosion. It blew that whole mountain way to each other. And the whole mountain way to each other. So all that ash from there is what San Joaquin Valley was. That was such a rich, rich farming area. One of the biggest problems with our food supply now is that we've over-farmed the land. And this is not an exaggeration. And it's not some wacko environmental state. But it's true. We have produced so many crops from the land. We've depleted the mineral supplies in the land so that now we're eating vegetables that should be packed full of all the minerals that we need to trade them. And they have very, very little. And so that equates to us not having the required minerals in our body. So everybody should go and be taking mineral supplements if you're eating vegetables that you should buy from safely. Well, you know, in general, soil is formed by different ways. Some of your bed soils are closer to the weathering process. Soil weathering from, closer to the weathering from rock. And that's an example. You're talking about granite dust would be weathered mechanically by a machine. I live close to a rock crusher where they crush rocks for road beds and so on. And one part of the process is real fine stuff. And I used a lot of that in making potting soil. And it really seemed to help. There's just stuff in there that is not washed out. The next section is on lime. And it's interesting that your western soils, which have less rainfall, do not need lime. They're alkaline. Whereas your eastern soils with higher rainfalls are acid. And the process from that is your atmosphere contains the carbon dioxide. As your water droplets fall through, they become slightly acidic. This acid rain is natural, believe it or not. Some of it may be man-made, but it's natural too because all of your caves are formed that way. The reaction of carbonic acid and lime stone will eat away a cave. So it's something that's been going on forever. But lime is important. Calcium builds your strong bones, you hear that. And calcium is deficient in any acidic soil. And to some extent it might be bound up even in alkaline soils. One of the things that happens when you use compost, compost is slightly acidic with a substance called humane acid. And that actually will help release the calcium to a usable form for your plants to be able to take it up. That's one of the benefits of compost that most people really don't understand. And calcium is real important. It makes up the cell walls of a plant and makes that plant strong. A weed crop without calcium, the wind can blow it down easy. Corn, it could bend over easier. And calcium, you need that for your body. They say the more and more. The more calcium the better. As long as it's natural, I think. We're going to need a lot more than that. And naturally, if you don't take the supplements, I think you're always going to need calcium. The most you can get from what you eat. And calcium is pretty easy to get to it. Again, it's ground rock. Limestone, gypsum, different kinds of white chalky rocks, oyster shells even. Any source of lime. And you can tell if you get a soil test, they'll tell you what kind of lime you need to put on it. If you need it. Lime needs to be done ahead of time. It releases over a slow period, a slow time. Don't expect to get an effect if you plow your ground, put lime on it, plant. You need to do that in the fall or months ahead of time. So that's something that even if you're not going to garden for survival now, you can get your soil started. And I would suggest that everybody, if you plan to have any idea that you're going to do this, or be able to do this, go ahead and get started now. If nothing else, try that wheat. When you don't stand, you don't have anything to lose. If you lose it, it doesn't work. Well, you can still buy the wheat now. Later on, you might not have that opportunity to fail you. It might be critical. There's a lot of other things you could plant now, which are generally called cover crops. If you talk to your extension agent, they will call it a cover crop. You could use clover. What you're doing is, you're getting your soil ready to plant. You're getting it in a proper, broken up to what you need. You're getting your fertility right. And you're also, by using a cover crop, you're smuggling out weeds, which could get in trouble later on. A good idea for a cover crop is, if you're not going to be harvesting this stuff, it would be a combination of things. A legume, which is a big member of the bean family, will add nitrogen to your soil. That's another source for nitrogen. You remember, Michael was talking the other day about combining crops together. In nature, you seldom have one crop that grows by itself. So, in a cover crop situation where it's not critical to be able to reap this wheat with a machine. My neighbor did a real good cover crop last year of clover and wheat together. But it depends on where you live. You might have better luck in the south with black-eyed peas and buckwheat. Some combination is better than a single one for a cover crop. You can also think about a dual purpose too, because some good cover crops also toward the end of the season make good grazing for animals. You bet. And then you're getting doubled, maybe even tripled, because one of the animals leave behind. Yeah. I believe that. An animal can take a raw carbon material and within hours turn it into fertilizer. There's no fact for you. It's hard to hear that. Just within hours. I haven't cooked you a pretty good one. Have you heard of pH? pH, balance, shampoo, things like that. Well, that refers to the... Well, just to make it simple, it refers to either acid or alkaline. I've got a little chart here showing you which crops prefer which. In general, you can grow anything around that neutral point. However, and you have to make a compromise. Most of the time. In order to control the pH, in order to bring it more towards alkaline. Yeah? Anybody know? Lime. Lime. Lime. To bring it more in the acid is a little harder. Any ideas how you can make sulfur or acid? I would. Yeah. Anything else? Yeah. Sulfur. Sulfur will do it because then that sulfur mixes with water. It will form a sulfuric acid. You can also use vinegar. Yeah. Right. I'm serious. You can put vinegar in a spray bottle. Yeah. And you can spray white sort of vinegar or lute soil and it's just enough finish. No. It's easier to bring a soil towards alkaline than it is to bring an alkaline soil towards acid. Because generally alkaline soils has so much calcium. It's really hard to do it. But if you had a terrible alkaline, an alkaline soil even, you left that around here. You might have to do something. Compose is a good idea though. It's really. Well that's it for today, ladies and gentlemen. Ladies and gentlemen, in case you didn't hear the announcement at the beginning of the broadcast, it looks like the war is going to start pretty soon right here on this mountaintop in the Round Valley of Arizona. Caught a United States Marshal trespassing on our property today. We ran him off. And of course, he and his buddies will be back. And we will protect our rights with every means at our disposal. I mean every means. If everybody had been willing to do that for many years past, we wouldn't be in the situation we're in today. Good night, folks. God bless each and every single one of you. God bless each and every single one of you. We are the one I want to do that for many years past, we are the one I want to do. We are the one I want to do. You are the one I want to do. We are the one I want to do. And if you are the one I want to do. Oh, where have you been, my blue-eyed son? Oh, where have you been, my darling young one? I've stumbled on side of twelve misty mountains I've walked and I've crawled on six crooked highways I've stepped in the middle of seven-sat-four I've been out in front of a dozen dead oceans I've been ten thousand miles in the mouth of a graveyard And it's hard, it's hard, it's hard, it's hard It's a heart race, it's gonna fall What did you hear, my blue-eyed son? Oh, what did you hear, my darling young one? Oh, where have you been, my darling young one? Oh, what did you hear, my darling? Oh, where have you been, my darling? Oh, what did I say? Oh, where have you been, my darling, my darling? Oh, where have you been, my darling? The mountains were blazing Our 10,000 whispers nobody missing I heard one burst a star The minute people laughing I heard the song of a flower You died in the gutter The sound of a clown It dried in the alley And it's hard, it's hard It's hard, it's hard, it's hard It's hard, it's hard It's hard, it's hard You've been listening to The Hour of the Time with yours truly, William Cooper. Don't forget to tune in tomorrow at the same time for another episode of The Hour of the Time. We now return to you to our regularly scheduled broadcasting. Thursday, July to 19, Soon,